Laboratory haum-tawm qhov sib txawv los ntawm kev kho dua tshiab sab hauv. Txawm hais tias kev kho kom zoo nkauj zoo ib yam tsom ntsoov rau kev zoo nkauj thiab kev ua tau zoo, kev tsim kho hauv chav kuaj yuav tsum ua kom tiav ntau yam qauv nrog rau qhov cua thiab tso pa, kev tiv thaiv corrosion, kev huv, hluav taws xob kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua raws cai. Kev tsis txaus nyob rau hauv ib theem yuav ua rau cov nqi rov ua haujlwm ntau zaus ntau dua li cov nyiaj tau los thawj zaug. Hauv qab no peb txheeb xyuas cov theem tseem ceeb uas muaj teeb meem tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm kuaj kom haum- tawm rau koj siv.
1. Pib kev tsim kho yam tsis tau qhia meej txog qhov chaw ua haujlwm ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws
Ua ntej kev tsim kho pib, ib lo lus nug tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau teb kom meej: qhov kev sim thiab kev ua haujlwm no yuav ua li cas? Chemical Laboratories tseem ceeb tshaj qhov cua thiab tiv thaiv corrosion. Cov chaw sim tshuaj lom neeg yuav tsum tau tswj xyuas kev huv thiab cais biosafety. Cov chaw kuaj sim xav tau ib puag ncig uas ua tau raws li kev lees paub. Haum- tawm cov qauv thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm pob nyiaj siv sib txawv ntawm cov chav kuaj sib txawv. Rau cov chaw soj ntsuam tshuaj, qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb yog fume hood lub ntsej muag nrawm ntawm kwv yees li 0.5 m / s, nrog rau qhov chaw khaws cia hauv qhov tsis zoo me ntsis. Cov chav kuaj huv huv tsom rau kev tswj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov huv thiab tsis yog - thaj chaw huv, nrog rau thaj chaw ntawm cov chav huv huv sib txawv, yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg tshaj 10 Pa. Qhov chaw tsis meej nyob rau theem pib feem ntau ua rau muaj xwm txheej xws li cov chaw kuaj tshuaj uas tsim los rau cov qauv hauv paus, uas ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm tsis txaus. Tom qab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm qhov chaw, ntsuas lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev tej yam kev mob: pem teb load peev xwm, qab nthab qhov siab kom haum raws li qhov cua ducts, muaj hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm rau kev txawj tej yam ntxiv, thiab ywj siab tso shafts. Cov xwm txheej no ncaj qha txiav txim siab txog qhov ua tau thiab tag nrho cov peev nyiaj. Peb pom zoo kom suav sau cov npe khoom siv thiab kev sim ua haujlwm los tsim cov neeg siv kev cai tshwj xeeb ua ntej tsim ua haujlwm.
2. Cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws zoning tsis txaus txo cov kev ua haujlwm zoo
Crude zoning design nyob rau hauv ntau txoj haujlwm ua rau cov neeg ua haujlwm nquag txav mus los, nce tus ntoo khaub lig- muaj kev pheej hmoo kis kab mob thiab ua haujlwm tsis zoo txhua hnub. Lub suab layout txais peb thaj chaw ywj pheej: cheeb tsam kev sim tseem ceeb, thaj chaw pab txhawb nqa thiab thaj chaw pej xeem ncig. Kev sib cais ntawm kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua rau cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov khoom siv thiab cov kev pov tseg. Cov chaw huv si thiab cov kab mob sib kis tau sib cais nrog cov chav tsis nyob hauv nruab nrab. Cov tswv yim tswv yim: Txo qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov chaw sim, thaj chaw npaj thiab thaj chaw cia, dav hu ua "golden triangle" txoj cai. Kev npaj ua haujlwm zoo tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm txhua hnub los ntawm kwv yees li 30%. Tej yam yooj yim yuam kev: nrhiav chaw ua hauj lwm nyob ze ze rau cov chaw cia tshuaj lom neeg; tso cov chaw ntxhua khaub ncaws rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm txoj kev hauv tsev uas ua rau cov kav dej ntev ntev uas muaj kev cuam tshuam; ua tsis tau tejyam kom dav txaus nkag mus rau cov khoom loj ua ntej kom haum- tawm.
3. Kev tsim qhov cua tsis zoo yuav ua rau cov nqi rov ua haujlwm loj tom qab
Lub tshuab ua pa sawv cev rau cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis tshaj plaws ntawm kev sim ua kom haum- tawm thiab yog qhov chaw ntawm ntau yam teeb meem. Ntau qhov dej num raug kev txom nyem nyob hauv tsev tsis tu ncua tom qab kev ua haujlwm, yuav luag ib txwm tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov cua tsim ntawm lub sijhawm npaj.
Basic ventilation yuav tsum tau rau chemical Laboratories:
- Tsawg kawg ib lub fume hood rau txhua 10 square meters
- Lub ntsej muag ceev ceev ntawm 0.4 m / s thiab 0.6 m / s; Kev tshaj tawm tsis txaus tso cai rau muaj kev phom sij vapor khiav tawm, thaum lub sijhawm tshaj tawm ua rau lub zog tsis tsim nyog
- Exhaust cua ntim ntau tshaj cov khoom cua ntim kom tswj tau me ntsis tsis zoo siab
- Makeup cua tshuab yuav tsum tau tsim concurrently; tso tawm-tsuas yog txwv kev teeb tsa
Cov txheej txheem tsim qauv tseem ceeb rau lub qhov cua ducts: Lub voj voog ducts yog qhov zoo dua rau kev ua haujlwm qis thiab txo suab nrov. Nthuav khoov yuav tsum zam. Cov chaw nkag nkag yuav tsum tau nruab txhua 15 txog 20 meters. Cov pa hluav taws xob yuav tsum ncav cuag tsawg kawg 3 meters saum lub ru tsev. Lub suab nrov ua haujlwm yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 60 dB. Kev xaiv cov khoom siv hauv cov kav dej nyob ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Galvanized steel ducts tuaj yeem siv tau yog tias cov pa tso pa tsis muaj corrosive. PVC los yog fiberglass ducts thov rau cov pa tawm me me. PP ducts yuav tsum tau rau cov pa uas muaj zog acids xws li hydrochloric acid thiab nitric acid. Nws tsis tsim nyog rau universally txwv galvanized steel ducts rau tag nrho cov chaw kuaj tshuaj; Kev xaiv cov khoom siv yuav tsum phim cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov pa emissions.
4. Cov kav dej thiab hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob tsim cov nqi zais loj
Cov kav dej: Cov kav dej rau cov chaw sim tshuaj yuav tsum tau txais kev txhim kho corrosion{0}} cov ntaub ntawv tiv taus xws li PP, HDPE lossis CPVC. Cov kav dej sib cais yuav tsum tau npaj rau cov dej khib nyiab pov tseg thiab cov dej khib nyiab zoo tib yam, nrog cov dej ntws tsis tsawg tshaj 2%.
Cov tshuab hluav taws xob: Khaws 20% -30% load redundancy kom haum rau kev hloov khoom siv ceev ceev. High- cov khoom siv fais fab yuav tsum muaj kev ywj pheej circuits. Precision ntsuas thaj tsam yuav tsum tau nruab nrog UPS uninterruptible fais fab mov. Kev tiv thaiv hauv av yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 4 Ω, raws li cov kev cai tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov cuab yeej precision qhov siv tau. Splash-cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tau muab tso rau hauv cov chaw ntub dej. Cov chaw soj nstuam xav tau cov txheej txheem roj kuj tseem xav tau kev npaj roj rau cov kav dej. Centralized gas mov yog pom zoo. Cov nplaim hluav taws kub hnyiab tau raug tswj xyuas hauv cov cheeb tsam sib cais nrog cov xim -coded pipelines. Cov chav tsev roj av xav tau yam tsawg kawg 12 huab cua hloov hauv ib teev, haum nrog cov roj to detectors thiab tsis siv neeg kaw-off li qub.
5. Kev xaiv cov khoom yuav tsum muaj qhov chaw- cov kev daws teeb meem tshwj xeeb; tus nqi siab dua tsis sib npaug ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo dua
Cov ntaub ntawv hauv pem teb: Epoxy resin flooring (seamless thiab corrosion-resistant) rau cov chaw kuaj tshuaj; PVC ntawv flooring (anti-slip thiab antibacterial) rau chav kuaj huv; polyurethane tus kheej-levelling flooring (hnav-tiv taus thiab thauj khoom-cov kabmob) rau cov chaw kuaj lub cev; anti-pem teb zoo li qub rau electrostatic- qhov chaw rhiab heev. Cov ntaub ntawv phab ntsa: Los tiv thaiv- cov coatings coatings lossis ceramic vuas rau cov chaw kuaj tshuaj; insulated sandwich panels rau chav kuaj huv; latex xim yog txaus rau cov chav kuaj dav dav. Cov ntaub ntawv qab nthab: Aluminium qab nthab vaj huam sib luag lossis cov pob zeb hauv av fiber ntau rau thaj chaw zoo tib yam; integrated insulated sandwich vaj huam sib luag qab nthab rau chav kuaj huv. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: Muab cov khoom siv ua haujlwm siab hauv cov cheeb tsam tseem ceeb thaum tswj cov nuj nqis hauv qhov tsis yog{12}} qhov tseem ceeb raws li qhov xav tau tiag tiag.
6. Kev lees txais yuav tsum txuas ntxiv tshaj qhov kev tshuaj xyuas saum npoo; zais tej hauj lwm xav tau ntawm - qhov chaw ntsuas
Ntau qhov ntsuas tseem ceeb yuav tsum raug txheeb xyuas los ntawm kev sim teb tom qab ua kom haum- tawm:
- Fume hood lub ntsej muag tshaj tawm ntsuas nrog anemometer kom paub meej txog 0.4-0.6 m / s ntau
- Cleanroom particle concentration test ntawm particle counter
- Txheeb xyuas lub ntiaj teb tiv thaiv ua tau raws li qhov txwv ntawm 4 Ω
- Illuminance tswj ntawm 300 lx thiab 500 lx
- Lub suab nrov txwv rau 60 dB
Cov lus ceeb toom tseem ceeb: Cov khoom zais zais suav nrog cov kav dej kav dej, cov dej tsis muaj dej, cov kav dej thiab cov av hauv av yuav tsum raug tshuaj xyuas thiab thaij duab rau cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej kaw. Cov khoom no ua tsis tau zoo tom qab lub qab nthab thiab phab ntsa boarding. Kev kuaj xyuas qhov tsis raug thiab kho yuav nyuaj heev thaum raug them, uas ua rau cov nqi rov ua haujlwm ntau dhau.
Ib lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tswj hwm lub chaw soj nstuam kom haum- tawm: Kev nyab xeeb yeej dhau ntawm kev ua raws, kev ua raws cai yeej dhau ntawm kev ua haujlwm, thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo dua li kev zoo nkauj. Kev txuag nqi yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam lub tshuab cua, av engineering thiab corrosion-cov ntaub ntawv tiv taus. Kev hloov nyiaj txiag tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim rau lwm yam. Kev nqis peev sijhawm txaus hauv kev npaj ua ntej yuav ua kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem hauv cov theem tom ntej.
