Hauv kev soj ntsuam kev nyab xeeb ntawm zaub mov, zaub mov physicochemical lub chaw soj nstuam ua haujlwm tseem ceeb. Qhov zoo ntawm kev kho dua tshiab hauv chav sim cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov raug thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov txiaj ntsig kev sim. Kev tsim cov khoom noj khoom haus physicochemical lub chaw soj nstuam yuav tsum ua raws li cov kev cai dav dav thiab nruj. Cov kev hloov kho tshiab tseem ceeb rau cov chaw soj ntsuam physicochemical zaub mov tau piav qhia hauv qab no.
1. Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo Tshaj Plaws rau Cov Khoom Noj Physicochemical Laboratories
1.1 Division of Core Functional Areas
Khoom noj khoom haus physicochemical lub chaw soj nstuam xav tau kev tshawb fawb faib cov chaw ua haujlwm kom txaus siab rau ntau yam kev sim ua haujlwm. Cov cheeb tsam txheej txheem suav nrog thaj chaw npaj ua qauv, thaj chaw ntsuas ntsuas, thaj chaw reagent cia, siab - thaj chaw ua haujlwm kub thiab chaw ua haujlwm. Cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb muaj npe raws li hauv qab no: ◆ Sample npaj cheeb tsam: Tsim los rau kev kuaj, crushing, dissolution thiab lwm yam pre- kho cov qauv zaub mov. Nws yuav tsum tau nruab nrog corrosion-cov chaw soj ntsuam cov rooj zaum thiab cov chaw ua pa txaus kom tso pa tawm cov pa phem raws sijhawm. ◆ Instrumental tsom xam thaj chaw: Siv rau tsev atomic absorption spectrophotometers, roj chromatographs thiab lwm yam precision instruments. Cov cheeb tsam no yuav tsum tau ceev kom deb ntawm qhov chaw vibration thiab electromagnetic cuam tshuam los lav qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm cov cuab yeej. ◆ Reagent cia cheeb tsam: Reagents yuav tsum muab khaws cia raws li qeb. General reagent txee thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg yuav tsum tau teeb tsa kom ruaj ntseg cia.
1.2 Cov Ntsiab Cai rau Cov Txheej Txheem Hauv Cheeb Tsam
Kev teeb tsa ntawm txhua qhov chaw ua haujlwm yuav tsum ua raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv thiab kev nyab xeeb. Thaum lub sij hawm kho dua tshiab, kev ua hauj lwm ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov qauv kev npaj mus rau qhov chaw soj ntsuam yuav tsum tau streamlined kom tsis txhob muaj circuitous txoj kev thiab hla - kev pheej hmoo kis kab mob. Lub caij no, qhov siab - qhov chaw ua haujlwm kub yuav tsum raug cais tawm ntawm lwm thaj chaw kom tsis txhob muaj qhov kub thiab txias los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom siv sim thiab cov tshuaj reagents. Lub chaw ua haujlwm yuav tsum muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm qhov chaw sim los muab qhov chaw ua haujlwm nyob ntsiag to thaum pab kev sib txuas lus nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv chav kuaj.
2. Cov Cuab Yeej Siv Hluav Taws Xob Rau Cov Khoom Noj Physicochemical Laboratories
2.1 Xaiv qhov cua tshuab hom
Lub tshuab cua tshuab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov khoom noj khoom haus physicochemical lub chaw soj nstuam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas kub thiab av noo. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm qhov cua dav dav thiab qhov cua hauv zos yog dav siv. Kev tso cua dav dav pom tau los ntawm kev siv tshuab cua tshuab thiab tso cua tshuab kom zoo hloov cua hauv tsev, nrog rau huab cua hloov pauv ntawm 6 mus rau 12 zaug hauv ib teev thiab kho tau raws li qhov ua tau zoo los tswj cov huab cua hauv tsev. Lub qhov cua hauv zos tsom cov ntsiab lus ua haujlwm tsim cov pa phem, suav nrog cov fume hoods thiab cov hoods hloov tau yooj yim. High-Kev ua tau zoo fume hoods yuav tsum tau nruab thaum kho dua tshiab, nrog lub ntsej muag nrawm tswj nyob rau hauv 0.3 ~ 0.5 m / s kom ntes thiab tso cov pa phem tau zoo.
2.2 Cov khoom siv thiab kev teeb tsa ntawm cov qhov cua nkag
Cov khoom siv thiab kev teeb tsa zoo ntawm qhov cua ducts txiav txim siab qhov ua haujlwm ntawm qhov cua thiab kev pabcuam lub neej. Rau cov zaub mov physicochemical lub chaw soj nstuam tso kua qaub thiab alkali corrosive gas, qhov cua ducts yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm corrosion-cov ntaub ntawv resistant xws li polypropylene (PP) los yog fiberglass reinforced yas. Galvanized steel ducts tuaj yeem siv tau yog tias cov pa pa tawm tsis yog -corrosive. Kev teeb tsa cov kav dej yuav tsum xyuas kom muaj kev sib txuas nruj yam tsis muaj cua nkag. Cov kav dej yuav tsum ncaj thiab luv li sai tau, nrog tsawg dua lub luj tshib thiab ceg kav dej kom txo tau cov cua tsis kam thiab txhim kho qhov cua kom zoo. Thermal rwb thaiv tsev thiab suab nrov txo kev kho rau cov ducts kuj yog tsim nyog los tiv thaiv condensation thiab suab nrov nyob rau hauv lub chav kuaj.
3. Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Rau Cov Khoom Noj Physicochemical Laboratories
3.1 Tsim Cov Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob
Kev tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yuav tsum xav txog lub zog xav tau thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv sim. Nyob rau theem tsim qauv, cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau npaj kom tsim nyog raws li qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob, qhov ntau thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej los muab cov hluav taws xob txaus rau txhua cheeb tsam. Kev ywj pheej fais fab mov circuits, voltage stabilizers thiab uninterruptible fais fab mov (UPS) yuav tsum tau configured rau precision instruments kom tsis txhob muaj cov khoom puas los ntawm voltage fluctuation los yog fais fab tuag. Nplaim taws- cov kab hluav taws xob tsis zoo yuav tsum tau txais thiab tiv thaiv los ntawm cov kav dej kom lav kev nyab xeeb hauv Circuit Court.
3.2 Earthing System
Kev ua tiav hauv av tiv thaiv cov khoom siv thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm. Thaum lub sij hawm kho dua tshiab, yuav tsum tsim kom muaj lub ntiaj teb ua tiav. Kev tiv thaiv av tiv thaiv yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 4 Ω, thiab tiv thaiv - static earthing kuj yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 100 Ω. Cov khoom siv casings, cov rooj zaum hauv chaw soj nstuam thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum muaj kev ntseeg siab hauv av kom tsis txhob muaj qhov sib txuam zoo li qub thiab hluav taws xob sib tsoo. Precision instruments nrog tshwj xeeb earthing yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov specifications muab los ntawm cov khoom manufacturers.
4. Kev Siv Dej thiab Kev Siv Dej Dej Rau Cov Khoom Noj Khoom Noj Physicochemical Laboratories
4.1 Configuration of Water Supply System
Lub kaw lus dej yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev sim thiab dej hauv tsev. Kev sim dej tau muab faib ua dej kais dej, dej huv thiab dej ultrapure rau kev sim sib txawv. Cov kav dej ywj pheej yuav tsum tau teeb tsa kom tsis txhob muaj dej paug. Cov dej kais dej yog siv rau cov dej num dav dav xws li ntxuav iav; purified dej yog siv nyob rau hauv niaj hnub tshuaj ntsuam xyuas; dej ultrapure pab precision ntsuas ntsuas thiab tshuaj npaj. Cov chaw ntxuav qhov muag thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev thiab cov da dej nyab xeeb yuav tsum tau teeb tsa rau ntawm qhov chaw tsim nyog los teb rau kev sib tsoo ntawm cov tshuaj reagents thiab tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv chav kuaj.
4.2 Kev tsim cov dej ntws tawm
Cov kua dej yuav tsum xyuas kom meej txaus kom tsis txhob muaj qhov txhaws thiab tsw. Cov dej khib nyiab tsim nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov physicochemical lub chaw soj nstuam tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov dej khib nyiab hauv cov organic, cov dej khib nyiab inorganic thiab cov hlau hnyav- muaj cov dej khib nyiab, uas yuav tsum tau muab cais tawm. Tag nrho cov dej khib nyiab yuav tsum muab pov tseg los ntawm cov neeg tsim nyog thib peb - cov neeg muab kev pabcuam. Kev tso tawm ncaj qha ntawm chav kuaj dej khib nyiab rau hauv cov kav dej phwj hauv nroog raug txwv. Cov dej khib nyiab tuaj yeem kho tau los ntawm biodegradation; Cov dej khib nyiab tuaj yeem raug tso tawm tom qab nruab nrab thiab nag lossis daus kom ua tau raws li cov qauv tso tawm; cov hlau hnyav- muaj cov dej khib nyiab yuav tshem tawm cov hlau hnyav los ntawm cov dej nag, ion pauv thiab lwm yam thev naus laus zis. Cov kav dej yuav tsum yog ua los ntawm corrosion- cov ntaub ntawv tiv taus xws li PP, HDPE lossis CPVC, nrog rau qhov tsim nyog gradient los lav cov dej tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam.
5. Cov Khoom Siv Rau Cov Khoom Noj Physicochemical Laboratory Renovation
5.1 Xaiv cov khoom siv hauv pem teb
Cov hauv pem teb yuav tsum hnav- tiv taus, tiv thaiv- plam, corrosion- tiv taus thiab yooj yim los ntxuav. Epoxy self-leveling flooring lossis PVC sheet flooring yog cov kev xaiv ntau. Epoxy self-leveling flooring muab seamless kev ncaj ncees thiab zoo heev los tiv thaiv-seepage kev ua tau zoo, haum rau cov cheeb tsam xav tau kev huv siab. PVC ntawv flooring muab kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj - plam kev ua haujlwm nrog ntau yam xim xaiv rau kev txheeb xyuas zoning. Acid{11}}cov cib tiv thaiv tuaj yeem tso rau hauv thaj chaw uas muaj cov khoom muaj zog corrosive.
5.2 Cov khoom siv phab ntsa thiab qab nthab
Cov ntaub ntawv phab ntsa thiab qab nthab yuav tsum yog hluav taws kub -tiv taus, ya raws- pov thawj thiab yooj yim los tswj. Xim steel panels yog dav siv vim du, plua plav-cov nplaim resistant, zoo thermal rwb thaiv tsev thiab suab rwb thaiv tsev zog. Compact laminate panels kuj tuaj yeem siv rau kev tsim kho phab ntsa nrog dej noo thiab corrosion kuj. Qab nthab tuaj yeem tsim nrog aluminium alloy panels lossis xim steel panels, uas yog ruaj khov thiab yooj yim rau disassemble rau kev txij nkawm ntawm cov kav dej thiab hluav taws xob thaiv. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv phab ntsa thiab qab nthab yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv ntawm ib puag ncig los tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau hauv chav kuaj thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm.
6. Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Nyab Xeeb Rau Khoom Noj Khoom Noj Physicochemical Laboratories
6.1 Cov Chaw Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws Xob
Cov chaw tiv thaiv hluav taws ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb tseem ceeb rau cov chaw sim. Raws li cov cai ntawm kev nyab xeeb hluav taws, tsim nyog hom thiab ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov hluav taws tua hluav taws xws li ABC qhuav hmoov extinguishers thiab carbon dioxide extinguishers yuav tsum muab tso rau hauv qhov pom thiab siv tau. Tsis siv neeg hluav taws kub tswb tshuab thiab lub tshuab sprinkler yuav tsum raug ntsia. Txoj kev khiav tawm yuav tsum nyob twj ywm tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam, nruab nrog cov cim qhia kev khiav tawm thiab teeb pom kev kub ntxhov kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev nyab xeeb khiav tawm thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev.
6.2 Cov cim kev nyab xeeb thiab cov khoom siv tiv thaiv
Cov paib pom tseeb thiab tseem ceeb ntawm kev nyab xeeb yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv chav kuaj, suav nrog cov cim ceeb toom txog tshuaj lom neeg, cov cim kev phom sij lom neeg thiab cov cim hluav taws xob ceeb toom rau cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm kev pheej hmoo. Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej tseem ceeb suav nrog cov hnab looj tes tiv thaiv, tsom iav, lub tshuab ua pa thiab cov khoom tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau npaj kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm tus neeg siv. Rau cov kev sim uas muaj cov pa phem thiab cov pa phem, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum raug teeb tsa. Lub kaw lus yuav ua rau muaj kev ceeb toom thaum cov pa roj ntau tshaj qhov txwv thiab qhib lub tshuab ua pa kom muaj kev nyab xeeb hauv chav kuaj.
Kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov zaub mov physicochemical lub chaw soj nstuam suav nrog kev ua haujlwm zoning, qhov cua tshuab, tshuab hluav taws xob, dej thiab cov kav dej, cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj thiab kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim thiab kho dua tshiab, tag nrho cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau ua raws li nruj me ntsis kom lav kev tsim kho kom zoo thiab xa qhov chaw kuaj xyuas kev nyab xeeb rau zaub mov.
